Comparing School Lunches and Prison Food Research Paper

Comparing School Lunches and Prison Food - Research Paper Example The provision of free and reduced-cost meals to children has been the main focus for this.The nutrition status of the food provided to the children had not been the main focus until recently when the current first lady, Michelle Obama guided the improvement of the feeding program by improving the nutrition status. Over 90% of school going children in the US, both in public and nonprofit private schools participate in the lunch program. The nutrition offered to the children helps promote their health as well as their intellectual capacity to attend to academic tasks. The focus on improving nutrition at school level came following a realization that schools are unique in shaping behavior. This, therefore, means that they offer the best environment to promote healthy eating behaviors. Whereas the major stakeholders, including the parents, health, and nutrition experts as well as the authorities are optimistic about the program, most children are not. Their main concern among the students is the presumed similarity between the school lunch and the food offered in the federal prisons. The amount of food served in schools and that in prison lunch is almost the same. This is based on the number of calories that each of the servings contains. For the prison food, the average number of calories is 1400 which is less than the normal requirement for the adults. Over 90% of school going children in the US, both in public and nonprofit private schools participate in the lunch program. The nutrition offered to the children helps

Identity theft IQ test Essay Example for Free

Identity theft IQ test Essay The website, www. privacy. org, featured two tests namely â€Å"Identity Theft IQ Test† and â€Å"Workplace Identity Theft IQ Test,† wherein people can more or less determine whether or not that they are at risk of unknowingly divulging their identities through identification cards and allowing shady characters to use them. In â€Å"Identity Theft IQ Test,† I was asked to answer questions pertaining to how much and how often I revealed or brought out things that are prone to identity theft such as my Social Security number and insurance card among others. I was also asked if my identification numbers are the same in all my identification cards. I got a 50 on the test which means that I am moderately prone to identity theft. In the â€Å"Workplace Identity Theft IQ Test†the questions basically pertained to what businesses can do to protect the identity of its employees since almost all employers require several identification requirements before hiring prospective employees. I got 10 out of 20 which means I am again moderately at risk to identity theft. Basically, to protect myself and prevent criminals from using my identity to commit fraud, I have to avoid bringing with me identification cards, such as Social Security cards, that can give a lot of information about myself unless I really need them. Moreover, I can also protect myself from identity theft in the place where I am employed if I make sure that the company or corporation I am working can safely secure my personal records and files. If not, I should be the one to suggest measures that can prevent identity theft to my superiors. Finally, in third test, â€Å"MailFrontier’s Phishing IQ Test,† I was tasked to assess the legitimacy of 10 email samples commonly that people commonly receive from their subscriptions or banks, such as account verification and providing of identification, among others. I got a 10 out of 10 which basically means I do not easily believe emails that ask me to give information about myself.

Spinal Meningitis Essay -- essays research papers

Meningitis is an infection of the fluid of a person’s spinal cord and fluid that surrounds a person’s brain. It is sometimes referred to as Spinal Meningitis. It’s usually caused by either a bacterial or viral infection. As you read through this paper you will learn how Meningitis is transmitted, its symptoms, its effects, and even the incidences it has caused.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The common symptoms of anyone over two years old is high fever, headache, and stiff neck. Symptoms can develop over several hours or even one to two days. Other symptoms include vomiting, nausea, confusion, sleepiness, and discomfort looking at bright lights. As for newborns and small infants, the classical symptoms may be difficult to detect or absent. They may only appear slow or inactive, or be irritable, have vomiting, or be feeding poorly. Seizures occur, as the disease progresses, to patients of any age. (Centers for Disease Control, {CDC} 2004)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Some forms of bacterial meningitis are contagious. They are spread through the exchange of respiratory and throat secretions. The spread of the disease is facilitated by close and prolonged contact. (CDC, 2004) For example: kissing someone, coughing or sneezing on a person, living in close quarters, and sharing eating or drinking utensils. The incubation period is on an average of four days, ranging from two to ten days. (World Health Organization, {WHO} 2004)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Five to ten percent ...

Make Death Penalty Legal Essay -- essays research papers

â€Å"And thine eye shall not pity, But life shall go for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot,† the Book of Deuteronomy 19:21. When the word â€Å"death penalty† or capital punishment is mentioned, so is morality. Others claim that there is no morality in such punishment. However, what is more moral than the Bible? The Bible encourages condemning sinners. The golden rule practically sums it all up: do unto others as you want done unto you. If you choose to kill, then you had better be ready to accept the consequences. California is a state built on a foundation of justice and equality. It is only fair that when an innocent life or lives are taken, some kind of compensation is given. In most cases, the death penalty is a matter of justice and equality. With most crimes, the purposes of the punishment are to rehabilitate the convict and to send a warning to others who would commit similar crimes. According to the U.S. Department of Justice statistics, 60 to 80 percent of all convicts will continue to commit more and generally worse crimes when released. Violent con...

Marketing Case Study of “Pamela Shampoo” Essay

What alternatives Mr. Alfred Jones have for improving his social position? Was manufacturing a shampoo a right decision? Alfred who engaged in buying and selling of land- a real estate business and brokering deals were known as dalal. When Alfred grew up, he joined his father’s company as a Director in 1980.His father was the Managing Director and Chairperson of the company. Alfred was very successful, growing the business and becoming rich in the process. Despite his financial success, Alfred was concerned about the social status. In 1985, his father retired although he remained the Chairperson. Alfred become Managing Director but did not like his family business anymore because of its low social profile. Mr. Haque-who was the proprietor of small market research firm. During the discussion regarding his family business, Mr. Haque encouraged Alfred to launch a new venture company. Mr. Haque convinced him that starting a new business would help him get rid of the associations with the humiliating term dalal. Production decisions involve the processes by which raw materials are converted into the finished products through manufacturing. These decisions play a very important role in the product quality, cash flow, control etc. The new venture had problems right from the beginning. It failed to reach sales target because Alfred did not do any market research before manufacturing and launching Pamela Shampoo. Despite huge investments, over a period of couple of years, Alfred had become a bankrupt. Manufacturing a shampoo was not a right decision without market research properly. Given that Mr. Jones had financial resource, what process should he follow for developing a business plan and its implementation? Financial resource is using the profits and accumulated savings from his real estate company, he brought a huge area of land for establishing a factory for manufacturing Shampoo. Every business plan, campaign, or project comes down to Tactics, Tools, and Strategies. To conceive, develop, and implement a sound social media marketing strategic plan that will be successful needs  to have those three critical components. The new company was named his wife Pamela and the brand name of the product is Pamela Shampoo. Alfred took some of better employees from J&J and employed them his new venture. He hired new employees and paid them attractive salaries. Alfred allocated substantial amount of money to advertise the new brand of Shampoo. Strategic planning implementation is at the heart of how to make change of any kind happen in your organization. Why the organization might want to embark on a strategic planning process and implementation. Want to be one of the organizations, in which employees understand the mission and goals. ACNielsen retail audit data show FMCG market growing at around 7% (sales 5,097 Crore in 2004 and 5,444 Crore in 2005).Moreover, the shampoo market is growing at a phenomenal rate of 22% a trained that started in early 2000. (Sales 79 Crore in 2004 and 97 Crore in 2005).It failed to reach sales targets and his every venture had slid downhill. Multinational market research Company held clients’ conference and Alfred was invited as a participant from the business community. Alfred talked to them about his Pamela Shampoo venture. The researchers wanted to know whether he had done any market research before manufacturing and lunching Pamela Shampoo. A key to Strategic Planning Implementation Success is to effective strategic planning implementation for the business. Full and active executive support, Effective communication, Employee involvement, Thorough organizational planning and competitive analysis, Widespread perceived need for the strategic planning. 13.3 What are the consumer behaviour issues regarding the purchase of FMCG product like shampoo? What role does brand name, brand image, and  advertising play? What steps must be followed for developing these marketing tactics? Did Pamela Shampoo follow them? FMCG market growing at around 7% .Moreover, the shampoo market is growing at a phenomenal rate of 22%, a trend that started in early 2000.Therefore; Alfred was rightly tempted towards entering the Shampoo market. Consumer decision making varies with the type of buying decision. There are four types of buying behavior that consumer purchase of FMCG products. There are complex buying behavior, dissonance-reducing buyer behavior, habitual buying behavior & varietyseeking behavior. The new company was named after his beloved wife Pamela. As a symbol of his love, the brand name of the product is Pamela Shampoo. Alfred allocated a substantial amount of money to advertise the new brand of Shampoo. A brand is a name, term, sign, symbol, or design, or combination of them, intended to identify the goods or services of one seller or group of sellers and to differentiate them from those of competitors. So, brand name & brand image is the identity of the product to differentiate them from others. Advertising play the role of introduce the product to others. Market research steps must be followed for developing marketing strategy. For developing marketing tactics we need to take four strategies. That are individual names, blanket family names, separate family names for all products, and company trade name combined with individual product names. Pamela shampoo did not follow them. So, he did not make his business profitable like P&G and Unilever. Consumer purchase shampoo by variety-seeking buying behavior because that buying situation are characterize by low involvement but significant brand differences. Here consumers often do a lot of brand switching. The consumer has some beliefs about shampoo, chooses a brand of shampoo without much evaluation, and evaluates the product during consumption. Next time, the consumer may reach for another brand out of a wish for a different test. Brand switching occurs for the sake of variety rather than dissatisfaction. What can be done to salvage the business? What are the choices and how can Mr. Jones make the decision? First of all Mr. Jones must understand and choose the correct marketing strategy. Good marketing strategy can result in success even for mediocre products. Since the product ‘Pamela Shampoo’ belongs in the FMCG segment and the growth of the homogeneous product (shampoo) was about 22%; Mr. Jones must take into account the following important issues address accordingly: a. Market Segmentation: Pamela Shampoo requires to revisit its segmentation strategy and then must decide whether the company will choose mass marketing, segmented, niche or micro marketing. For this particular purpose Mr. Jones can involve the market research companies. b. Based on the segmentation strategy, the company must then choose the target market. c. The company should revisit its pricing strategies and should calculate the Break Even units of sales and carefully select the type of pricing that will be helpful in struggling times. d. The company must realize that the product is positioned against its global brands such as Pantene, Head & Shoulder, Clear etc. and few local brands as well. So the competition is very high. e. The company must go for line filling strategy and must increase depth in its product systems. It can have baby shampoo, herbal shampoo, anti-dandruff and other varieties by keeping an efficient product mix. f. It may think of co-branding strategies with possible companies who may be involved with production and distribution/market hair oil.  g. Must rearrange the sales force. Rather than having its own sales force and incurring major fixed cost, it can rely on its distributors as distribution channels. h. Must have Proper packaging and labels for the products that convey the descriptive and persuasive information to consumers. The labels that the containers will use must be attractive and eye-catching.

Esay Douglas Essay

Esay Douglas Essay Esay Douglas Essay Zakaria Habi Mr. Cormier CLN4U1-02 October 11, 2012 Abortion: The Right to Life Abortion is the termination of a fetus (a developing human being in the womb) or an embryo prior to its due date.  ¹ In Canadian law, abortion was decriminalized in 1988 and is acknowledged by Canada’s Supreme Court and the government as a medical procedure covered under the Canada Health Act (CHA, 1984). All women regardless of age, economic status, or a place of residency, are to have access to the procedure.  ² The topic of abortion is a controversial issue that generates many opinions among the people of who are pro-life, pro-choice or just undecided on abortion. Reasons as to why abortion is such a heated topic has a lot to do with what is the definition of a human being. Is it when the sperm and egg start to fertilize and become an embryo? Or maybe it is after the first trimester of pregnancy ends (first three months of a pregnancy) when many parts of the fetus’ organs such as the heart and brain are already developed and workin g? People who advocate pro-choice come from a variety of backgrounds such as students, teachers, lawyers, health-care workers and lawyers. They are also from different ethnic, socioeconomic backgrounds and religions. Individuals who advocate pro-choice do not necessarily agree with abortion, but instead agree that women have the right to decide between the choice of carrying on with their pregnancy or having an abortion. They rather make the decision than having a politician or a law tell them what they can and cannot do. As the Republican Pro-Choice Coalition defines its as, â€Å" The pro-choice position is neither for or against abortions, instead, simply advocates that government should not interfere in such decisions that are best left to individuals.†Ã‚ ³ Many pro-choice religious groups find no condemnations of abortion in the bible, many believe that it is up to the individual and his/her conscious to determine whether abortion is or is not sinful or immoral.4 Many people feel that they do not want to take responsibility and care for another human being when they alone do not feel they know what they yet want to do. Especially in the cases of abortion many are teenage females who are still in high school and do not wish to be overburdened with adding the responsibility of another human being. Individuals who are pro-choice also believe in having the child and then giving it up for adoption, which is a popular choice for many pregnant females who are past the first trimester of their pregnancy. After the first trimester abortion becomes harder and involves more risk. Being pro-choice about abortion, in my opinion, is the better choice as abortion has to do with the individual as it affects the person psychologically, physically and the access barriers they might encounter in having an abortion, if it is illegal. Many studies have been performed to examine if having an abortion can and would lead to psychological effects and possible li nks to mental illness, anxiety or depression. The results that came back mainly showed that having an abortion does not lead to having psychological problems. In a study done a very small percentage, 3% to be exact, have long term feelings of guilt and some of those individuals feel that the abortion was a mistake.5 Many women feel relieved after the abortion was done although looking back they admit that it was regrettable, but the right decision at that time.6 A study done by the Academy of Medical Royal Colleges found that unwanted pregnancies doubles the risk of having mental issues, however that the rate does not change whether the woman chooses to have an abortion or to keep the baby.7 Also abortions should be legal because many times unwanted pregnancies are due to rape and incest. If the woman keeps the baby, it will be a constant reminder of the harsh act of rape or incest. This will lead to emotional instability as the mother will have a hard time to

The Effects of Domestic Violence

The Effects of Domestic Violence Domestic violence can happen to people from all races, age, sexual orientation, social status and gender. Forms of domestic violence include rape, stalking and abusive behaviour against a person. Domestic violence has adverse effects on those who go through it as well as those who witness it.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Effects of Domestic Violence specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The effects range from physical injury, body and mental health complications and economic loss in terms of money used in treatment. It is worth noting that violence caused by men is not a result of their mental illnesses, but by the lack of anger and stress management skills. There are myths and realities about domestic violence, but with the knowledge of prevention tips many cases can be avoided. The information provided in the handout is very important in empowering women. According to statistics and research provided in the hand out, women are at a higher risk of being victims of domestic violence. This has put me on the watch out as it is clear that rapists and stalkers are looking for opportunities to exert their control. The handout has also proven important as it has helped me to understand why in spite of a lot of public awareness; domestic violence is still going on. As is explained, our parents often assault one another in front of the children while paying no attention to the bad lessons the children could learn from their uncivilized behaviours. Later on in life, children get involved in violence thinking it is a normal way of life. There are so many ways of preventing domestic violence. As a woman, I believe it is my role to educate my children on domestic violence while they are still young, so that they may not part from the teachings when they become adults. The handout has helped me realise that stalking is just as dangerous as other forms of domestic violence. Stalking instil fear in a person , making him or her lose his or her freedom. This can lead to death, mental illness and the victim can hardly do tasks expected of them since they do not know what will happen next. Stalking is worsened by the fact that there are no behavioural facts that can predict what a stocker will eventually do. They may torture their victims, assault them, rape them or even kill them. The government and the organizations that work toward helping victims of violence should involve all people in the community especially women who are the key in enhancing and implementing change. As a woman, I should have nothing to be ashamed of in taking measures against a stalker or rapist since I am the victim. Having learned of the great effects of domestic violence, loss in low work output, failure to go to work, employment problems due to the self-doubt, depression and confusion experienced by the victims, I have not just made it my point to be more careful, but also to assist victims by taking them for c ounselling. So as to fight domestic violence, ladies and women being the most affected, need to be aware of all the preventive tips towards rape and stalking.Advertising Looking for report on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Ignorance is no defence and therefore, people should not live on assumptions and myths. In conclusion, the handout is not just informative, but also inspiring. However, the latest cases of rape have involved people who the victims are well acquainted with. It is therefore important to emphasize to all that caution should be taken even against close friends when it comes to rape.

Countable and Uncountable Nouns Explained for ESL

Countable and Uncountable Nouns Explained for ESL Nouns are words that represent things, places, ideas, or people. For example, computer, Tom, Seattle, history are all nouns. Nouns are parts of speech which  can be both countable and uncountable. Countable Nouns A countable noun is something you can count such as apples, books, cars, etc. Here are some sentences using countable nouns: How many apples are on the table?She has two cars and two bicycles.I dont have any books on this shelf. Uncountable Nouns An uncountable noun is something you cant count such as information, wine, or cheese. Here are some sentences using uncountable nouns: How much time does it take to go to the station?Sheila doesnt have a lot of money.The boys enjoy eating cake. Uncountable nouns are often liquids or items that are difficult to count such as rice and pasta. Uncountable nouns are also often concepts such as honesty, pride,  and  sadness.   How much rice do we have at home?She doesnt have much pride in her country.We bought some past for lunch. Nouns That Are Both Countable and Uncountable Some nouns can be both countable and uncountable such as fish because it can mean the meat of the fish or an individual fish. This is true with words like chicken and turkey as well. I bought some fish for dinner the other day. (meat of the fish, uncountable)My brother caught two fish last week at the lake. (individual fish, countable) Test Your Knowledge Check your understanding of common countable and uncountable nouns with this short quiz: Are the following words countable or uncountable? carwine  happiness  orange  sand  booksugar   Answers: countableuncountableuncountablecountableuncountablecountableuncountable When to Use A, An, or Some Use a with objects we can count that begin with a consonant like a book, a car, or a house.Use some with objects we cannot count like some milk, some time, or some pasta.Use an with objects we can count that begin with a vowel like an orange, an ocean, or an eternity. Test your knowledge with this exercise. Do we use a, an or some for these words? book  winerice  apple  music  tomato  rain  CDegg  food   Answers: asomesomeansomeasomeaansome When to Use Much and Many The use of much and many depends on whether a word is countable or uncountable. Much is used with a singular verb for uncountable objects. Use much in questions and negative sentences. Use some or a lot of in positive sentences. How much time do you have this afternoon?I dont have much fun at parties.  Jennifer has a lot of good sense. Many is used with countable objects with a plural verb conjugation. Man is used in questions and negative sentences. Many can be used in positive questions, but is more common to use some or a lot of. How many people are coming to the party?She doesnt have many answers.Jack has many friends in Chicago. Test your knowledge. Complete the questions and sentences some, a lot of, much, or many. How ____ money do you have?I dont have ____ friends in Los Angeles.How   ____ people live in your city?She wants _____ time off work this month.How____does that book cost?They dont have ______ time this afternoon.How ____ rice is there?I would like to have _____ wine, please.How ____ apples are there in the basket?Peter bought ______ glasses at the store.How ____ gas do we need?He doesnt have _____ rice on his plate.How ____ children are in the class?Jason has _____ friends in Miami.How ____ teachers do you have? Answers: muchmanymanysome  muchmuchsomemanysome, a lot ofmuchmuchmanymany, some, a lot ofmany Here are some final tips  to help you understand how to use how much and how many. Use how many for questions using countable or plural objects. How many books do you have? Use how much for questions using a non-countable or singular object. How much juice is left? Use how much for questions asking about one object. How much does the book cost? Test your knowledge of what you have learned on this page.  Take the Much or Many? quiz!

Russian Jews and Hollywood Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Russian Jews and Hollywood - Essay Example What became widely accepted as the American dream was essentially forged in Hollywood by a handful of East European Jews. The stimulating feature-length documentary Hollywoodism: Jews, Movies and the American Dream were produced by two-time Emmy award-winning filmmakers Simcha Jacobovici and Elliott Halpern. Many Russians Jews had to overcome obstacles of heavy accents, being cut off from their cultural base, being forced to work beneath their talents, and taking roles that promoted ethnic stereotypes. As with most Hollywood stories, there are also great artistic and personal triumphs; many relished the opportunity to pursue their dreams largely free of political entanglements. In the story of Russian migrs, Robinson also discusses the impact of such Soviet artists as Sergei Eisenstein and Sergei Prokofiev and their visits to Hollywood. The book is also an informed and entertaining analysis of the representation of Russians and Soviets in American cinema. As a result, it was mainly through the medium of film that Americans' images of and attitudes towards Russia were shaped. The Jazz Singer (1927) was not the first Vita phone or in other words sound-on-disk feature, it was the

M_Q_2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

M_Q_2 - Essay Example The culture of an organization shows the way the employees deal and interact with each other while performing their job related tasks. I believe that the culture of an organization develops with time when the employees, managers, and all governing bodies of an organization work with full commitment shaping a positive organizational culture. In my view, the culture of an organization really improves the performance and productivity of an organization. A strong organizational culture unites the employees and motivates them to work efficiently and professionally towards their goals. Organizational culture includes such elements, which play a vital role in making a company reach desired sets of goals and objectives in an effective way. Some of the most influencing tasks, which organizational culture performs, include determining the organization’s effectiveness and capacity, putting energy and momentum in the employees in order to ensure organization’s success, injecting se nse of responsibility in the employees, and making the employees work efficiently towards achievement of desired goals and objectives. These were some of those roles, which culture plays in making an organization achieve desired goals and objective effectively and efficiently. Answer: No: 2 Culture of an organization is one of the main drivers of organizational performance and it can definitely be used to increase performance. Daniels A. and Daniels J. found that managers need to evaluate performances of the employees and the organizations in order to implement positive changes. It depends on the managers of an organization to motivate and encourage employees to work with full dedication and commitment. The dedication and commitment shown by the employees of a company towards their job responsibilities shape the culture of the company. If the employees carry out their job related tasks efficiently, it creates an enthusiastic and motivated culture of the organization, which positivel y affects the new employees who come and join the company. From here, the transition process starts where impact of employees’ performance on the culture of an organization shifts towards impact of organizational culture on the performance of new employees. Once the employees succeed in shaping a work-oriented culture in an organization, it plays a considerable role in motivating new employees to work hard for the company. A new employee is not very much aware of the culture of the company where he/she gets a job. When that employee starts working for the company, he/she observes the overall workplace culture of the company and shapes his/her job behavior according to that culture. If a company will have work-oriented culture enriched with the elements of motivation, innovation, and workplace ethics, it will make a positive impact on the new employees and will make them work hard to achieve the company’s goals and objectives. Therefore, we can say that strong culture o f an organization not only increases employees’ productivity but also increases the overall organizational performance. Answer: No: 3 As a senior leader, I will like to change the culture of the organization by integrating the elements of hard work, commitment, dedication, and enthusiasm in the existing culture of the organization. I believe that when employees feel like owning the company, they work with more commitment in order to make their company reach heights of success in any specific market. If a company injects the sense of

Environmental Case Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Environmental Case Analysis - Essay Example The individuals in effect make up the society and hence have to decide what they want to do with their resources but the ultimate decision maker is the government who has to look after the environmental as well as economical side of each decision. The society's concern is to increase their welfare from the amount of resources that they have and the government has to take the decision with economic viability in mind, the case points out that the only way to strike a balance between the two is to have a free market economic system in place which will balance the amount of resources that need to be put in to reduce pollution and those that need to be employed else where. The major economic concepts in the case are of opportunity costs and cost benefit analysis, these concepts are the binding factors for the environmental and economic side of the argument. The analysis can be divided into two portions: the scientific point of view and the ethical point of view, talking of the scientific point of view the first thing that is to be understood is that all things that are achievable in a laboratory are not achievable in the world outside it for example clean water only exists in laboratories and not outside them. But who is to decide what clean is What is clean for some one is not clean for some one else and hence there is no agreement. ... extent does it have to be curbed Should it be cut off from its roots Should it be allowed to remain at a level These are the questions that have to be answered by the scientific side of the issue. When we speak of science, inevitably we have to speak of economics because it is economics that shows us the way to have a cost effective method of curbing pollution. Such methods and processes should be introduced, which tend to minimize maximum amount of pollution using the minimum amount of resources available. The first thing to understand is that there are a limited number of resources that every community has on its disposal and it has to decide how and where to use these resources, hence not all the resources can be used to curb pollution because then the community will have nothing to eat, wear and will have no shelter over their heads. On the other hand if none of the resources are used to curb pollution then pollution would become a major issue for that community. Hence this shows that we have to strike the right balance, that is, the right decision in the right area at the right time. As stated in the case, the right balance can only be achieved if there is a free market economy in place. A free market economy is one where every individual seeks to attain his or her goals in any suitable way he or she wants without any specific restriction or restraints and hence increase his or her satisfaction. By doing this they increase the over all utility of the community and hence in a free market economic system there is a negligible role of the government. Adam smith, the father of economics, said the free market economy operates as if an invisible hand guides each and every individual to attain their goals, and keeps on shifting the economy to the right equilibrium

Interpersonal Communication Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Interpersonal Communication - Article Example The writer, Chris Zervas, states that, the area of constructive criticism can be problematic as "We say things we don't mean or recipients hear more than was meant." (1) Therefore, often during constructive criticism in a potentially sensitive area such as the workplace, direct channels of interpersonal communication are not functioning correctly. The sender is communicating the wrong message, using inadequate phrasing and wrong information whilst the other participant receives a distorted or exaggerated message. The receiver subconsciously picks up another message from indirect channels of interpersonal communication. These indirect channels may include the tone of voice of the sender or his body language. The receiver may suspect that the sender has hidden motivations, revealed by these uncontrolled actions. The receiver also may react defensively as he or she may feel that their position within the work team is threatened. Chris Zervas uses his management insight to implement "ski llful communication" which "can make these situations far less volatile."(2) Zervas states that the important connotation of the senders message should make the receiver feel respected and valued, which is the converse of how criticism generally makes people feel.

Chronic Conditions Prevention and Management Assignment - 1

Chronic Conditions Prevention and Management - Assignment Example Secondly, cancer has many causative agents which include viruses like the human papilloma virus, radiations, and unprotected sex among other factors. Cancer has a long latency period implying that it can take along period before the effects are seen. Latency period depends on factors like degree of exposure to the risk, causative agent and immune competency of an individual and the site of inoculation of the causative agent (Pories, Moses and Lotz, 2009) Cancer is a disease known to affect all segments of the Australian population. However, the older people are primary the biggest victims. As such, the framework targets people aged between 50 years and 70 years. Greene & Heniford (2010) state that incidents of cancer increase exponentially with advancement in age. It is for this reason that different scholars like McVie (2006) and Pories, Moses & Lotz (2009) have come up with studies that are focused on mitigating the effects of the disease among the elderly. Members of the targeted population are not only at higher risk of contracting the disease but also face various challenges in recovery from the condition. When determining the treatment procedures for the group, care givers are always required to focus on the overall health of the individuals in question as well as their ability to keep up with their family activities. Different sets of conditions influence how the people aged between 50 and 75 cope with cancer. Most of the sta ccatos are related to their physical health. Age is not only a cancer risk factor but also an aspect that influences the probability of suffering from other related conditions and injuries. The aging process among this target population is a very complex issue. Foot & Sanson-Fisher (2005) notes that the actual age and the physical wellbeing of the members of this sample affects how they respond to cancer and their mental wellbeing. The other major characteristic of this group is their physical ability to respond to the

Interpersonal Communication Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Interpersonal Communication - Article Example The writer, Chris Zervas, states that, the area of constructive criticism can be problematic as "We say things we don't mean or recipients hear more than was meant." (1) Therefore, often during constructive criticism in a potentially sensitive area such as the workplace, direct channels of interpersonal communication are not functioning correctly. The sender is communicating the wrong message, using inadequate phrasing and wrong information whilst the other participant receives a distorted or exaggerated message. The receiver subconsciously picks up another message from indirect channels of interpersonal communication. These indirect channels may include the tone of voice of the sender or his body language. The receiver may suspect that the sender has hidden motivations, revealed by these uncontrolled actions. The receiver also may react defensively as he or she may feel that their position within the work team is threatened. Chris Zervas uses his management insight to implement "ski llful communication" which "can make these situations far less volatile."(2) Zervas states that the important connotation of the senders message should make the receiver feel respected and valued, which is the converse of how criticism generally makes people feel.

The Process of Planning a Party Research Proposal

The Process of Planning a Party - Research Proposal Example As a college student, my personal experience on holding party was a few days after I had received my results of passing to the next level and academic year. This greatly motivated me to hold a house party in order to celebrate this achievement. After deciding on a location that was outdoor within our compound, I felt it was the right idea to make a list of people who will be attending my bash. This list included mostly my colleagues though my relatives and family members were also included. I also allowed everyone to bring with them a friend if they were single not forgetting to caution them about respect for the party. This was because the party had even my family members and relatives present. With the friends of the invited guests present, I was very sure the party will be extremely lively. I thereafter filled my invitations and got them in my mail. Hand delivery was an alternative for the friends and relatives I failed to reach through the mail. This was done earlier before the e vent in order to get down to my party details. My party, of course, had a guest of honor that was my dad. This was my suggestion for it gave us an opportunity as college students to get advice from this wise man. The date I had set was on a Friday. This was a holiday hence, most people were free during the daytime. My preparation for the day was short and I had to advise my mum on how to go about my party. It is always a good idea to get with someone close to you for a bit of advice on how to decorate, type of food to eat and on the positive and negative impacts of holding a party. Advice is vital while planning for a party for if you get wrong advice then the whole party is prone to be ruined (Ideas & Liz 23). The decision on the budget should be within the range that is not very expensive and not very cheap as well. The questions I asked myself included the amount I wanted to spend which made me budget while putting into consideration the amount of money I had set aside for my par ty. The food combination was so simple and it consisted of drinks plus a few snacks. This is because the party was during the day and most of my guests were to leave by evening hours thus there was no need for heavy meals. When it comes to music, there is no lively party without music. This sets the mood as well as the tone of the party. The music genre included techno music, pop music, and some cool afro-fusion music, which every guest seemed to be greatly impressed with. Some party games were also set up. Routine dance as one of my best party game made everyone very happy. Lastly, the party had various ways and use of the cautions and warnings and the guests as they were all college students had to seek their parents’ permission in order to attend my party. Seeking permission should not only be applied to the person holding the party but even the guests in my case for we are teens and could end up messing up at the party.

Star Trek Technology We Use Everyday Essay Example for Free

Star Trek Technology We Use Everyday Essay Star Trek technology has become reality that we use in our daily lives. There are many different forms of technology fields that have been shown in Star Trek as a first that have become a reality rather than a Science Fiction (Sci-Fi) fantasy. Star Trek technology came from the great imaginative minds of writers and designers with little to no knowledge of science in the original series. It wasnt until the second series that they started to incorporate actual scientific methods and terms. Advancements in science have come about through the influence of creative people thinking of the future. This technology has been instrumental in how we conduct our lives. Contemporary technology has been influenced by Star Trek in many ways. Phones were around for many years before Star Trek; however, they were tied down to the house or office by wires and the bulkiness of the devices. No one could possibly make a phone call on the go, yet they could by using a phone booth. However, using a phone booth would not be of much use since it couldnt be carried around. One of the greatest inventors of this decade, Dr. Martin Cooper, decided to come up with a new form of communicating with the rest of the world. Dr. Martin Cooper found himself tripping over his phone cord when he saw Star Trek appear on the TV playing in the background. Cooper watched with envy as Captain Kirk calmly conversed while walking across an alien landscape. (Laytner, 2011) While Cooper watched Captain Kirk with his communicator, he was bewildered â€Å"And, suddenly theres Captain Kirk talking on his communicator,† remembers Cooper. â€Å"Talking with no dialing!† (Handel, 2005) With the idea set in his mind, he set out to make it a reali ty. In 1973, Martian Cooper, While working for Motorola, he [Cooper] created the first personal cell phone, citing Captain Kirks communicator on Star Trek as an inspiration. His first call on the 28-oz. (800 g) cordless cell phone — dubbed the brick — was to his rival at Bell Labs Research. (Grossman, 2007) However, this big brick of a phone didnt match the likeness of the communicator that Captain Kirk used, so in 1996, Motorola made the first flip phone named StarTAC. (Kessler, 09-0) These clamshell phones were highly sought after and held the cell phone design for many years until touch screen phones recently became more popular. Many Star Trek fans and even older more stubborn non-techies still try to keep the flip phone for the nostalgia of Star Trek and to keep pocket dialing to a minimum. In 1974, Ed Roberts created the Altair 8800, the first minicomputer that came in kits for consumers to put together, yet it wasnt a friendly user system since software wasnt invented yet. The Altair 8800 was named after a space system from the Star Trek series and was the basis for the basic computer language that Bill Gates of Microsoft, Steve Jobs of Apple, and Gordon Moore of Intel used to create new and more user friendly computers. This basic language that Ed Roberts created was inspired by Star Trek (Handel, 2005). When computers became a household name and personal were computers available to the general public, a new development occurred that would be called a laptop. Adam Osborne of Osborne Computer Corporation, the father of portable computers, introduced the first commercially available portable computer with software to run it, named Osborne 1 in 1981 (Scott, n.d.). In 1968, Alan Kay of Xerox made a concept and prototype of a portable information manipulator, named Dynabook, a different form of a portable computer that wasn’t user friendly or available to the general public (Maxwell, 2006). Without software, the Dynabook was hard to understand and use, so the Osborne 1 with its software and graphic interface to allow users to see what they were doing made it a true portable computer. Portable computers got an even newer facelift in 1993 when Robert Haitani developed the Palm Pilot, a first in personal data assistant (PDA) and a new form of portable computers. Robert Haitani, the designer of the Palm Pilot, said his first sketches were influenced by the Enterprise bridge panels and produced it. A few years later there was a combination of cell phones and PDAs since they shared hardware which resembled to the communicator in Star Trek. You could stand there and talk into it like Captain Kirk (Laytner, 2011). The Palm Pilot spanned PDAs which transformed into the current popular trend of tablets and smart phones. All the different technologies incorporated into the tablet and the smart phone can be traced back to their Star Trek influenced roots. Advancements in technology and science have been influenced by many sources. Star Trek played a large role in evolution of the modern technology by influencing many inventors. Even though the original series of Star Trek was written and designed with little to no knowledge of the technological advancements of the times, Gene Rodenberry wrote many views of how life would be with various forms of technology that weren’t even a reality, yet. Works Cited Grossman, Lev. (2007). Best inventions of 2007. Time. Retrieved from http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/article/0,28804,1677329_1677708_1677825,00.html. (Grossman, 2007) Time listed the best inventions and inventors of the 2007, and they had Martin Cooper listed for creating the first mobile telephone that wasnt mounted in a car in 1973. Laytner, Lance. (2011). Edit international. Retrieved from http://www.editinternational.com/read.php?id=4810edf3a83f8 (Laytner, 2011) Talks about the documentary How William Shatner Changed The World and the many inventions of many inventors help shaped the world now because they were influenced by Star Trek to reach for the future. Maxwell, John (2006) Tracing the Dynabook: A Study of Technocultural Transformations http://thinkubator.ccsp.sfu.ca/Dynabook/Maxwell-DynabookFinal.pdf (Maxwell, 2006) This thesis paper was great detail on Alan Kay, who made a from of portable computer that manipulated information, and his accomplishments and how the Dynabook became what it did. Handel, Alan. (Writer) (2005). How William Shatner Changed The World [Web]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u304yVYoCJs

Independent Variables Taxation Dependent Variable Firm Economics Essay

Independent Variables Taxation Dependent Variable Firm Economics Essay The textile sector accounts for 8-9 per cent of the total GDP, and generates 51 per cent of the export revenues for Pakistan, which is a huge number making it a very important sector. This sector is subject to high operating and financial leverage. Leverage plays a vital role in textile unit. Interest rates are the main determinants of investment and have an inverse relationship with investment. Lower real interest rates will encourage new investment by reducing the cost of capital. More debt means a higher level of interest payment each year, which is paid from net income. Interest is the major factor which is responsible for leverage. As compare to the others countries like Indonesia s Korea Malaysia is 5.5 and 4%. The situation with regard to textile industry is very serious. While interest as percentage of sales was 8.58%, interest as a share of value added was a high 12.9% for textiles. Garments is one sector which seems not be as adversely affected on this account. A consistently declining investment and economic growth rate is the major problem that the Pakistani economy has been facing for the last decade. An in-depth analysis of the determinants of private investment in different sectors of the economy is quite helpful in designing a plan for the economy. Interest rates emerge as the significant determinants of investment in all the sectors. Nominal interest rates and infrastructure are important in the case of agriculture only, while relative prices of imported machinery and real interest rates are significant in the manufacturing and services sectors. Unexplained variation in private investment is observed in the entire sector, which might be due to the different external and internal shocks to the economy. According to (MAHMUD, 2003) showed that economy is not good in Pakistan. Pakistan market capitalization and GDP growth are very low they have undeveloped equity market that is the reason of very high leverage ratio in Pakistan. A high proportion of fixed cost means that very high risk belongs to company. Government attention is not positively towards the textile sector. A high risk involved in the company so very low investment is carried out in the manufacturing sector and also high risk involvement means taking loans to the bank with high interest rate. Good economic policies requires for Pakistan and Japan textile sector (MAHMUD, 2003). The researcher (Denis, 2001) have searched that several academic studies have documented significant shareholder gains and operating improvements following highly leveraged transactions. These gains are generally attributed to changes in the incentive, monitoring, and governance structures of the firms. The results suggest that while high leverage is important in giving managers the incentive to generate cash, high managerial ownership of shares and improved monitoring from the board of directors are important in ensuring that cash is generated in a way that maximizes returns to shareholders (Denis, 2001). According to (V.O Boadu, 2002) the U.S. textile complex has experienced overcapacity of production, global financial crisis, changes in fashion trends and demand; and cheap imports from Asia. To become more competitive and profitable, U.S. textile manufacturers have focused on achieving greater speed, efficiency, and high quality production by investing heavily in automated technology Exports to Mexico and Canada were $9.5 billion, which constituted 51% of total exports. (V.O Boadu, 2002) Low-priced Asian imports believed to have been caused by the currency devaluation of major textile exporters such as Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, Pakistan, Philippines, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, and Thailand Asian currencies stabilized through 2000, and resumed their downward path. (V.O Boadu, 2002) U.S. apparel manufacturers seem to have benefited from the cheaper Asian imports of textiles by the U.S. Global sourcing strategies by the industry in locating manufacturing. Sourcing is explained by the cost of investing in facilities and equipment, production costs, labor costs and availability, quality control, timing, risks which involved language, culture, political, etc. and reliability of product supply in the international market. Firm size relation with leverage: (shah Hijazi, 2004) took the test whose showed that tangibility, profitability, growth and size of the firm effect leverage in textile. There was positive relationship between the size of the firm and board size, high board size means number of directors, larger board means highs leverage. Debt is taken more and more, that will affect the company equity. Leverage board size showed that more out siders, which possibly reflects debt, can act as a monitoring device and also showed that leverage was lower when the CEO had a long tenure in office. (shah Hijazi, 2004) analyzed size of firms and profitability was negatively correlated with leverage. Hence this rejects the static trade off theory, which showed a positive relation between size of the firm and profitability. This shows that firms in cement industry use more equity and less debt. Tangibility of Assets and growth found to be positively correlated with leverage. All the results were Significant except the size of the firm. Thei r results with Shah and Hijazi (2005) were found to be different in terms of growth and size of the firm. They concluded that in developing countries like Pakistan, cement industry usage of short term financing is high than long term financing. (Spuma, 2000)concerned with different variables that indicate the level of leverage in firm. It shows that there is a negative relation among growth and leverage of the firm. Size of the firm is negatively correlated with the leverage of the firm. Interest rate relation with leverage: (N.Majluf, 2004) showed that there is a relationship between managerial operation and high leverage ratio; external investor not has enough information about the country policies, their environment, and firms operations. Inside investor can easily handle that situations comparison with external investor. (N.Majluf, 2004) Present share holder prefer debt financing because of firms need to issue debt when information is larger, stock price decrease etc. that could avoid under pricing and also show that the managerial share holder and long-term debt have a negative relationship. Interest is paid from net income it means more debt change to more interest and more interest means low income. (Chhibber K. Majumdar, 1998)The size of a firm is known to affect a firms performance in many ways. Key features of a large firm are its diverse capabilities, the ability to exploit economies of scale, and the formalization of procedures. These characteristics make the implementation of operations more effective and allow larger firms not only to generate greater returns on assets and sales but also to capture more value as a proportion of the value of production than is possible for smaller firms. Alternatively, larger firms could be less efficient than smaller firms because of the loss of control by top managers over strategic and operational activities within the firm. (Chhibber K. Majumdar, 1998) SIZE is an important control variable for another reason. While our data are cross-section ally extensive, we do not have the ability to measure a firms market power or the level of concentration in the industries in which the firms in our sample operate. This is a major limitation of the data, and we cannot include controls for market-structure factors that are important determinants of economic performance. SIZE reflects the ability of firms to attain economies of scale as well as market power.35 Finally, the inclusion of SIZE allows us to avoid the criticism directed against much empirical work in this area. H. Short notes that a major criticism that can be levied at the majority of the empirical studies is that they tend to concentrate on large firm samples, rather than taking a broad cross-section of firms of different sizes. (chen, 2008) argued that high leverage ratio would increase the possibility of a firms bankruptcy. More debt means a higher level of interest payment each year, which is paid from net income. Once the operation of a firm goes into trouble and net income is not enough to pay the interest, the firm has to face the threat of bankruptcy. This is one of the main reasons why firms cannot employ debt financing as much as they want and keep high leverage ratios. Static trade-off is exactly a trade-off between marginal tax saving from debt and marginal expected bankruptcy cost. Later literature tends to replace the bankruptcy cost with financial stress. Too much interest payment would reduce the cash retained in the firm.(CHEN, 2008) Consequently the firm will not have enough budgets to hire capable workers and executives, to undertake positive NPV projects, to cope with emergencies, etc. Furthermore, a higher leverage ratio would reduce the credit level and increase the operation risk of the firm. When facing new financing needs, the firm would be unable to use debt financing anymore, or unable to collect enough capital, or suffer a higher interest rate when borrowing. Even using equity financing, due to the low credit level and high risk, the firm would have to pay a higher price. Larger firms have larger amount of fixed assets and this amount directly reflects the ability of using collateral debt. Thus larger firms could borrow more than smaller firms and could get a more favorable price- lower interest rate(CHEN, 2008). According to the (Verma, 2002) Indias international competitors have as high an interest cost as in India 70. Its respective ratios were 2.05% and 3.3%. One important reason for this, according to some entrepreneurs, is the fact of predominant decentralized nature of garment sector in India. In Product Specific Cost- Supply Chain Management contain Factor cost (Cost of raw material), In Government Policy (Excise Policy, Technology Up gradation Fund, Strict labor laws), (Verma, 2002) IN Economy-wide costs (Economy-Wide Costs, Transaction costs, Transportation, interest rate).One important reason for this, according to some entrepreneurs, is the fact of predominant decentralized nature of garment sector in India. Also discussed Non-Price Factors in which included (Allow Foreign Direct Investment, Reduce the import duty on textile, Promote fair competition, Remove policy-bias against synthetic fiber, modify Labor related Provisions, Collaborating to Compete- Policies on Investing Abroad ). Furthermore, under the era of managed trade, too many textile. High cost of production relation with leverage: High financing cost relation with leverage: Taxation relation with leverage: (wang, jiebing, yao, 2001) the global financial crisis has led to a rising number of unemployed textile and clothing workers in China. The global financial crisis has had a negative impact on economic growth in China. The orders received by textile and clothing companies at the China Import and Export Fair declined by 30 per cent in the autumn. The Ministry of Finance increased tax rebate rates on some textile and clothing exports from 11 per cent to 13 per cent. The global financial crisis has seriously affected the textile and clothing industry in China. (wang, jiebing, yao, 2001) Some of those firms have gone bankrupt as a result of the global financial crisis More and more textile and clothing factories have been forced to relocate to the middle and western regions of China or to Asia-Pacific developing countries such as Bangladesh, Cambodia, Thailand and Viet Nam. China continues to maintain their unique competitive advantages arising from local textile and clothing industrial clusters with a comprehensive production chain, a pool of skilled labor, innovative fabric technology, sound infrastructure and economies of scale within the textile and clothing industry. The Government of China should continue to encourage the domestic large-scale textile and clothing enterprises to establish textile industrial parks in other developing countries. Provide a better financial package to support foreign direct investment by Chinese textile and clothing firms Improve infrastructure facilities and government efficiency in the least developed countries. (wang, jiebing, yao, 2001) Asset Turnover relation with leverage: (fama, 2009) mentioned in firm size, the proportion of tangible assets would probably play a role in debt or equity financing. he discussed that assets with a substantial and stable liquidation value would be a good guarantee for the firms investors. Compared with intangible assets, tangible assets are easier to be valuated and information is less asymmetric. In case of default and bankruptcy, tangible assets are easily to be changed into cash to pay for debt. Thus a firm with larger proportion of tangible assets tends to use more debt. Moreover, the guarantee effect of tangible assets depends on whether resale market is easily accessed. First, plants, machines and other properties that could be adopted by other firms would generally sale at a good bargain and thus are better guarantees for collateral debt. (fama, 2009) Assets that are unique and could not be directly used by other firms would not. Second, removable assets or assets that are close to market or to potential buyers wou ld easily be resold for cash and thus would be better as collateral. Not only proportion of tangible assets, but also characters of assets would play a role in leverage ratio. This researcher (J Ilyas , 2008) use proportion of tangible assets in total assets as a proxy for assets composition. Due to availability of data, characters of assets will not be precisely analyzed. the guarantee effect of tangible assets depends on whether resale market is easily accessed. First, plants, machines and other properties that could be adopted by other firms would generally sale at a good bargain and thus are better guarantees for collateral debt. Assets that are unique and could not be directly used by other firms would not. Second, removable assets or assets that are close to market or to potential buyers would easily be resold for cash and thus would be better as collateral. Not only proportion of tangible assets, but also characters of assets would play a role in leverage ratio. (J Ilyas , 2008) in firm size firm sizes influence on leverage ratio is not necessarily positive. Due to asymmetry information, small firms are more likely to be underpriced by investors than large firms and could not get favorable price when financing through equity. While using debt with a fixed interest rate, small firms could suffer less loss from mispricing. Thus small firms should tend to consider using more debt, compared to large firms..earnings plays more important role in firms leverage decisions as compared to other determinants of the capital structure.Tangibility of the firm is found to be negatively related to the leverage of the firm(J Ilyas , 2008) . (Miao,2005) provides a competitive equilibrium model of capital structure and industry dynamics. In the model, firms make financing, investment, entry, and exit decisions subject to idiosyncratic technology shocks. The capital structure choice reflects the tradeoff between the tax benefits of debt and associated bankruptcy and agency costs. The interaction between financing and production decisions influences the stationary distribution of firms and their survival probabilities. The analysis demonstrates that the equilibrium output price has an important feedback effect. (Miao,2005) This effect has a number of testable implications. For example it implies that high growth industries have relatively lower leverage and turnover rates. the higher the difference between ROA and cost of capital the higher is the return on equity because of the leverage effects. Similarly the higher turnover of assets results in higher return on assets, which in turn results in higher return on equity. Thu s the assets tangibility ratio i.e., ratio between fixed assets and total assets becomes important as capital structure determinant. (Spuma, Waters, and Payne, 1995) hence smaller firms are accepted to increase the profitability of going private, concluded that firms with less investment opportunities apply more leverage that is in accordance to both theories and leverage has a direct relation with the tangibility of assets. They also suggest that more profitable firms use less leverage. (Thornhill P, 1995)find that firms with higher financial deficits, i.e., firms that raise more external capital, tend to increase their leverage. They examine the tendency of managers to time the equity markets by interacting the market-to-book ratio with the amount of capital that a firm raises (i.e., its financial deficit). Their evidence suggests that firms tend to reduce their leverage ratios when they raise substantial amounts of capital when the equity market is perceived to be more favorable, (i.e., when market-to-book ratios are higher). There seems to be a consensus in the literature that suggests that these variables affect capital structures, at least temporarily. (Rajan,r,g zingales, 2002)compared leverage and its determinates across G-7 Countries that are united states, Germany, Canada, Italy, France, Japan and united Kingdom. They analyzed there was a positive relationship of leverage and profitability. Tangibility is positively correlated in all countries. Size is positively correlated with leverage except Germany. Investigated determinants of capital structure and leverage ratio of French, German and British firms with the help of penal data. Their results suggested that size of the firm positively affect the leverage ratio. They analyze relation of profitability, size of firms, fixed assets. (Rajan,r,g zingales, 2002) This study identifies a positive impact on firms size on leverage. While the relationship between fixed asset ratio and level of leverage was mixed means positive in Germany but negative in France and UK. This shows that tangibility of assets is more significant in bank borrowing in Germany. The effect of all these factor s on leverage depends on financial environment and tradition of the country in which firm operates investigated that there are a large number of variables that appear to be related to debt ratio of the firm but only few factors have significant effect on debt ratio. They found that relation between leverage and size of firm is positive. For tangibility of assets Empirical results showed a positive relation among leverage and tangibility of assets of firm. (Harris, 2007) a high leverage ratio would decrease the value of a firms equity. This provides opportunity for managers to buy more shares with the same amount of fortune. Meanwhile, external investors might be reluctant to invest in such firms, as high leverage is often linked with high risk. They also argued that managerial ownership is determined endogenously. Thus it is not safe and proper to assume an exogenous ownership structure and a dependent capital structure. (Harris, 2007) They try to use lagged control variables to get rid of endogenously. One way to address this issue is to use lagged variable. As there is no reason a priori that historical ownership structure would be correlated with current leverage ratio, we try to include historical ownership concentration in the regression. The variable they use ownership concentration during the year of the first listing. It could also be considered as an instrument of current year ownership concentration, if ownership is determin ed endogenously indeed. (Fatehi ,2003) 30 to 50 percent of all the expatriate placements do not work out as anticipated. Besides the direct financial costs involved with a failed expatriate assignment, the firm may incur other costs, including voided business deals, loss of valuable employees, the break up of joint ventures, and poor relations with the host Government. Fortunately, many MNCs have now realized the importance of cross-cultural training and the number of organizations involved in making preparations and arranging training prior to the departure of managers in foreign countries has increased lately(Fatehi ,2003)

This above all, to thine own self be true: Being True to Yourself :: essays research papers

Although many works of literature are very long, the main idea can be summarized in one or two of its lines. In William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, the most important line is: â€Å"This above all, to thine own self be true, / And it must follow, as the night the day, / Thou canst not then be false to any man† (1.3, 78-80). Spoken by Polonius, this advice is present throughout the entire play, together with the motifs of truth and lying. The characters desire to be true to themselves; however, some of them are not true to others. The main character, Hamlet, is a character that is not true to others, nor to himself. When the Ghost of his father tells him he was murdered by Claudius, Hamlet doubts the truth. He does not trust the ghost of his father, so has to find a way to prove it. Deciding on how to prove or disprove the Ghost, Hamlet predicts: â€Å"The play’s the thing / Wherein I’ll catch the conscience of the King† (2.2, 616-17). Because he distrusts the Ghost, Hamlet is not true to his father. However, when his plan proves to him that the Ghost’s words are true, Hamlet still does not act; he still cannot avenge his father’s murder. Hamlet decides not to kill Claudius, using the fact that he is praying as an excuse. Hamlet does not want Claudius’s soul to go to heaven, therefore he decides not to kill him, explaining: â€Å"A villain kills my father, and for that, I, his sole son, do the same villain send to heaven† (3.3, 76-78). However, after trying to p ray, the King claims that his prayers were not heard: â€Å"My words fly up, my thoughts remain below. / Words without thoughts never to heaven go† (3.3, 97-8). Therefore, had Hamlet chosen to kill Claudius at that time, his soul would have gone to Hell. Hamlet uses God as an excuse for not acting. He is not true and is lying to himself, because he wants to kill Claudius, yet does not. Claudius is also a character who is neither true to himself nor to others: he is not being true to the rest of the kingdom. He does not want to give up his gains, so the people of Denmark do not know why their previous King has died and his brother taken over. While making an attempt to pray, he realizes that his sins cannot be forgiven.

Project Management Essay -- Business and Management Studies

Project Management Project management is an essential part of the work environment and its purpose within business, academic backgrounds and research are crucial to the development of solutions and products that enable a company to be successful. The idea of project management is quite simple; a group of people are detached from the company and given a goal to focus their efforts on. The size of the group is entirely dependant on the size of the company. When looking to put together a project management team, there are two key factors that many, if not all, companies take into consideration; the skills that each individual possess in the team and whether these skills can be utilised in such a way to achieve their goal in a team environment. Each company requires different qualities that a successful applicant for Project Manager should fulfil. While trying to find a job in the summer, I came across a job posting for a Software Project Manager for a small team. Some of the required attributes that a candidate should possess are as follows: â€Å"A desire to motivate, share knowledge and provide for continuous learning†¦excellent communication skill†¦ Must be able to enthuse and engage at all levels of business†¦Develop findings and recommend solutions to customers as applicable. A good â€Å"all-rounder†.†1 Since many large companies and organisations no longer just restrict their services to their domestic customers, another key requirement for a Project Manager seems to be the ability to contribute in an international market. For example, in the current business world, there are very few companies and organisations that will limit their research only to Japan, for instance. As a result, the openings for project managers seem mainly to be located in the European countries such as France, Germany and the UK. Thus having a position in a project management firm is not only a lasting responsibility to national business and research but it is also an international commitment. Project management also varies in accordance with the size of the companies that it is carrying out its work for. In a small business, the project management team may be assigned projects of a local nature where their performance will be assessed on a small scale. For example, if the team was to make a project management plan for a small local company, the c... ... two sectors are managed separately, so in a way it can been seen as a type of project management since both sectors are detached form each and come together when a new product is being made. Within these two sectors, there are many different projects being undertaken in order to make its products better. Measuring the performance of these two sectors is done by looking at their yearly revenue and seeing how it changes, i.e. does it go up, down or fluctuates. Another way to measure the success of project management within Monsanto is to see how well the new product is received by the public by doing a type of census that will allow Monsanto to attain data that will help them to see where they have gone wrong so that they can improve their services in the future. References Websites - www.monster.co.uk - www.tenstep.com - www.pmtoday.co.uk - www.projectmanagement.com - www.financial-conferences.com - www.monsanto.com Books - Project management for Dummies – Stanley Portney - The Art of Project Management – Scott Berkun - The Practice of Project Management; A Guide to the Business-Focused Approach – Enzo Frigenti and Dennis Comninos

Brannigan Foods Essay

Strategic Marketing Planning for the Soup Division Brannigan Foods Soup Division is a 100 year old company with mature products which account for 40% of the whole soup market and it is the most significant division of the Brannigan Foods group. The most important category is the RTE soups which account for 78% of total sales. (Exhibit 2) Other products include Low sodium RTE â€Å"Heart Healthy†, dry soups and mixes and private label and Annabelle’s fast and simply. Annabelle’s was a soup company acquired 5 years ago in order to add healthier sups, dry soups and fast to the company’s portfolio, a growing trend in the market. In terms of costumer perception of Brannigan comparing with competition, Brannigan’s falls behind in the following: Health trends Diet claims Convenience offerings Flavors-especially popular regional ones Seasonal products outside cold weather Retailers perceive Brannigan to be: -Category leader -not innovative -less profitable than store brands and competition Over the past 3 years the results of the division have been decreasing and there are several reasons behind this: The whole soup industry has been declining for several years. The largest and most loyal segment of soup consumers, the baby boomers, which account for 20% of American population and are the main target, have been showing increasing concerns with processed food and high sodium content shifting to healthier alternatives. Increasing trend within working mothers who tended to prefer â€Å"convenience†. Bert Clark, vice-president and general manager of Brannigan Foods’ Soup Division needs to take action and present a plan to senior management to go back to growing sales within the division and increase profits by 3% next year, reversing the 1-2% declining turnover and 2-3% declining volume. With this in mind he has asked his key directors to submit a plan of action independently and now he has to decide which of the 4 proposals he will bring to senior management. The fact that Clark has his 4 keys managers working separately limits their assessment to each of their experiences and thus their proposals are narrowed to their field of expertise. Also, by choosing one particular direction may leave 3 directors uninvolved hence with a minor sense of responsibility. When making hard decisions it is always better, in my opinion, to have everyone on board. On the other hand it provides Clark with 4 proposals instead of one. Nonetheless making the 4 directors work together would have a provided a team solution and a broader approach to the problem. Now, by choosing one particular approach, Clark will have to find a way to involve all directors in this strategy. Looking closely at each proposal: 1st proposal Srikant Tipha, Director of the Simple Meals unit Srikant wants to strengthen the strategy of growing categories of dry soups, healthier soups and meal-in-pouch soups by investing $18 million on advertising and promotion. These products were a direct result of Annabelle’s acquisition, a smaller competitor Brannigan had acquired 5 years ago. Skirant wants to induce trial by increasing advertising; to provide coupling for new flavors: Gazpacho for the warmer months and Teriyaki for positioning in the fast growing Asian soups category. Pros: Focuses on growing segments which address health concerning issues and/or focus on the new flavors Cons: Srikant focuses his whole strategy on the new lines/products which account for 15% of the revenues of the division and completely leaves out the 78% which are the star products, or the cash cow and basically finance the new developments. 2nd proposal Claire Mackey, Director of Finance & Planning Claire focuses on the new healthier and more convenient products gaining territory in the market. Claire suggests the best way to quickly have a strong presence in these segments would be to acquire a small competitor with significant presence on these new products. Pros: Brannigan would very quickly be able to have an adequate response to new trends, as the whole operation is set up and products are already tested. By maintain the current brands, they would increase their shelf space. With joint synergies, the new acquired products would have a margin increase by reducing costs. Cons: Recent bad experience with Annabelle’s Foods although the project is gradually gaining track. It would take a large investment in advertising and promotion if they kept the acquired brands, if they changed into their own, there was a greater risk of cannibalization and of losing shelf space in big retailers. 3rd proposal Anna Chong, Chief Innovation Officer Anna feels that her department could develop new lines that meet the market’s new trends and that the company should increase investment in advertising and promotion for the new products already tested with consumers and investment in R&D for new products. Pros: the proposal addresses the markets new trends, avoiding the risk and investment of a new acquisition and all risks it entails. The new flavors would allow a price increase hence increase in margin. Cons: 1/100 products developed were actually launched in the market and reached Brannigan’s threshold for success. The costs of developing 100 products and launching 9 with only 1 to be successful are very heavy. Also launching products that may eventually fail means also costs for retailers which are becoming increasingly intolerant and more demanding for better conditions. 4th proposal Bob Pugh, VP Sales and Marketing, Brannigan Soups Bob focuses his proposal on the core products: reduce selling price to make the gap between private label and Brannigan less significant (PL increasing by 5%) . Also he wants to invest in advertising the products and wants to optimize the plants in order to recover losses due to reduction of selling price. Bob also wants to bring back a former campaign more appealing to younger generations. Pros: The aimed products are guaranteed successes and retailers will appreciate the strategy. Cons: This plan totally ignores the new market trends and price reduction could damage margin objectives as well as brand positioning. Looking at each proposal individually I think Clark should favor Bob Pugh’s proposal because it focuses strongly on the divisions main core, enables to increase gross margin by reducing production costs and increasing volume and there is no cannibalization effect. However, in long term this strategy does not secure the new trends which may or may not be the next cash cows. Then also noteworthy is the proposal by Anna Chong which goes in a very different direction but is as well an interesting approach. Anna, as the Chief Innovation Officer, focuses, not surprisingly, on developing new products, there is of course a large investment involved, but it does take into account the new trends. My last pick would be the proposal made by Claire Mackey, Director of Finance & Planning, since it represents a very large investment and recent experience with Annabelle will make it hard to pass it by the board. Her preference goes to Red Dragon Foods: Current Sales: $36 million Cannibalization of Sales: 0.45% (Mackey says 0.3%; Clark 0.6%): $13 million Estimated EBITDA $4.2 millions Estimated Cost: $29.4 million (considering highest price) Amortization + interest per year: 2.54 million (in 10 year period) Gross Margin: $16.2 million Gross Margin with cannibalization effect: $10.3 million Cost of A&P: $11 million Net Earnings in the First Year: -$3.24 million In 5 years: Estimated revenues: $75.85 million (growth rate of 2.5% for whole division) Estimated Gross Margin in 5 years (50% instead of 45% as Clark estimates increase of 10% I will be more conservative and just add 5% ): $38 million From the analyzed companies by Mackey, the emerging competition is mainly focused on the area where Brannigan’s is not as strong: health oriented products (MSG free and low sodium), new flavors (Asian flavors) and trends (Deli like). These yet small sub categories may well grow in the next years and this may pose as a problem because costumers will lose brand awareness, recognizing other brands as the Healthy soup or as the Chinese Soup. On the other hand, it will be difficult for new brands to try to compete with Brannigan on their strongest products and in which they are the unquestioned leader. So the natural strategy for new companies is to target the products where there is not such a strong recognized brand. This point must be considered by Clark when making his decision. Can Brannigan’s afford to leave these new products wide open or should he get his hands on this before it escalates? In my opinion Clark needs to take action on the growing needs of the market before it is too late. Brannigan’s Soup needs to lock its position as market leader in soups as a whole concept and not as a segmented market. Clark needs to address two main issues: maintain leadership in the classic flavors and keep up with new demands. For this he should bring in Anna Chong and Bob Pugh and have them work together in defining the new strategy. Bringing their proposals together the cons of each of them are mitigated. Anna addresses the new trends Bob has left out and Bob will secure the financing of the new products that Anna will develop which may become the next cash cows. Reinforcing the current strong products of the company is important but may not be enough in a permanently evolving market. A leader position requires investment in R&D in order to keep up with changing trends.

Personal and Criminological Theory

The human brain is very unique and it functions in many ways, giving individuals the power to think, speak, plan, and imagine. However, when individuals commit crimes, the criminal justice system and scientist study that behavior to learn the causes of crime. The needs and motivations of individuals who engage in crime differ based on biological origins, psychological, or socially induced. History has shown that by applying theory it allows researchers to discern why individuals react the way they do to certain conditions. In this paper, I will explain what I believe are the occurrences of crimes and why people commit them. I will also illuminate the variables associated with crime, identify reasons concerning the circumstances and explain techniques used when evaluating the criminal behavior. When situations change it becomes an issue for individuals to adjust. Society categorizes and divided individuals based on race, gender, family, and ultimately the amount of economic resources they have. Society usually divides people into upper class, the middle-class, the working class, and the underclass. The amount of accumulated wealth or property that an individual owns determines the assignment to any class or group. The upper class consists of well to do families that maintain an enormous amount of financial and social resources, but the poor consist of people living in poverty. Depending upon the opportunities available to individuals can affect the individual’s chances in life. Crime occurs and it includes acts such as murder, rape assault, and theft. Individuals commit crime for several reasons, mental disorders, income, education, and economic factors, or a combination of them all. The disproportion of goods for all members of society negates the defined goals and the norms that regulate the means to achieve the American dream. Goals are the valued purposes and interest that America holds as legitimate objectives for all members within its society. When disruption occurs and the social norms and conditions in which those norms no longer control the activity of society members the anomie and strain theory becomes a factor in why individuals commit crime (Williams & McShane, 2009, p. 77). The anomie and strain theory suggest that when there is a disjunction between means and goals individuals frustration and sense of injustice result from experiencing socially structured incapacities (Williams & McShane, 2009, p. 80). For example, discrimination by social class or racial discrimination in education and employment makes access to institutionalized means of achieving success difficult. I think this is a good theory because of the variables considered to uphold the theory are individuals environment, education, family, peers, structure, media, drugs, and alcohol. The blocked opportunities to maintain social status creates new opportunities for crime. Individuals, who believe that there is an injustice in the conditions to which they are to live within will not respect the norms of society and will conform to a way of self indulgence. If the measurement of success is through material gain, it is only natural for people to pursue the American Dream by trying to accumulate property and economic prosperity. However, unequal access to legitimate economic structures is a source of intense strain, rage, and anger for Americans. Criminal behavior is a response from those whom society has failed to provide legitimate access to achieving that American Dream (Williams & McShane, 2009, p. 82). A variety of methods are available to the criminal justice researcher. Each method has strengths and weaknesses. However, in the hypothetical study concerning the unequal access to opportunities to pursue the American Dream, surveying individuals is an appropriate method for collecting data. With quantitative and qualitative studies in the form of questionnaires and interviews as well as field research and historical research this can help in drawing conclusions concerning the disproportionate of opportunities available to society and reasons behind criminal behavior (Kraska & Neuman, 2008, p. 2). In conclusion, when individuals commit crimes, the criminal justice system and scientist study that behavior to learn the causes of crime. Society categorizes and divided individuals based on race, gender, family, and ultimately the amount of economic resources they have. The amount of accumulated wealth or property that an individual owns determines the assignment to any class or group. Depending upon the opportunities available to individuals can affect the individual’s chances in life. Individuals commit crime for several reasons, mental disorders, income, education, and economic factors, or a combination of them all. The anomie and strain theory suggest that when there is a disjunction between means and goals individuals frustration and sense of injustice result from experiencing socially structured incapacities (Williams & McShane, 2009, p. 80). I think this is a good theory because of the variables considered to uphold the theory are individuals environment, education, family, peers, structure, media, drugs, and alcohol. Individuals, who believe that there is an injustice in the conditions to which they are to live within will not respect the norms of society and will conform to a way of self indulgence. However, unequal access to legitimate economic structures is a source of intense strain, rage, and anger for Americans. With quantitative and qualitative studies this can help in drawing conclusions concerning the disproportionate of opportunities available to the Americans and reasons behind criminal behavior.

American history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

American history - Essay Example On the other hand, withdrawing the army from was essentially an act of moral defeat for the United States in the war against the soviet communist totalitarianism. Such withdrawal could have allured the procommunist blocs around the world. As a result, the most difficult task for Nixon Presidency was to find out a decent exit route from the war. Overview of the American Dilemma in the War In fact, President Johnson’s failure to find out a decent exit from the Battle of Vietnam played a crucial role in the presidential election in 1969. As a result, Nixon was elected. But several issues that were crucial to the interest of America at home and abroad and also of Nixon himself were, in some way or other, entwined with his success to end the war. In the first place Nixon was confronted with the massive casualties that occurred on either sides of the war. Furthermore, he has to confront with the mass protest at home and abroad against the moral decay of the US Army in the events lik e â€Å"My Lai Massacre†, â€Å"Green Beret Affair† and the operation â€Å"Speedy Express†, etc. ... Such public insolence could have turned against the ruling party in the next election, if he had have failed to find out a decent exit from Vietnam. In national politics, Nixon’s dilemma was -as it is said in an article, â€Å"Richard M. Nixon - The Vietnam war†: â€Å"If [Nixon’s] plan involved escalation, Democrats could charge that he was abandoning attempts to reach a peaceful solution and could point to mounting American casualties and prisoners of war. If he negotiated a solution that led to the fall of the government in Saigon, Democrats could charge that he had abandoned an ally†.3 Indeed, this dilemma of Nixon played crucial role in shaping his policy for the Americans’ role in the Vietnam War. Now, even though Nixon successfully retained his position in the Oval Office in 1973, he failed to find out a safe and decent exit from Vietnam. There is no doubt that by perpetuating the US presence in Vietnam, he had been able to retain the big-bro ther image for his country in international power politics. But obviously, he had paid a high price for it.4 Sacrificing the United States’ image as the savior, Nixon’s offensive stance as well as his â€Å"Madman† earned him a bad reputation. Scholars often claim that his defensive stance would have helped more the causes of South Vietnam to survive as a democratic state than the â€Å"Madman Doctrine† could do. What Started the War? The Vietnam War started, in 1955, as a conflict between the communists-backed North Vietnam and the US-ally-backed South Vietnam. But in the 1960s, the United States began to involve in the war increasingly. As a result, the war, which was initially a colonial struggle between the French and the pro-communist northern

Windber Medical Center Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Windber Medical Center - Essay Example Adherence to staff hierarchy and unquestioned physician authority were the norm. However, with the demise of the coal industry, Windber Medical Center lost its key clientele, influence and revenue dipped. To make matters worse Congress enacted the Balanced Budget Amendment Act that changed how reimbursements would be made to small, nonteaching and non-rural hospitals such as Windber. This meant that Windber would have to find a way to be more competitive in order to attract more patients, government funding and funding from other third parties. Diagnosis: What problems was Windber Medical Center facing? According to the report from Ernst and Young, Windber was not making enough money and it faced an imminent demise in five years’ time because of the changes in insurance reimbursements, changes in government reimbursements and heightened competition due to increased penetration of managed care products in the market. Furthermore, Windber was located in an area where the populat ion was migrating out of thus reducing the size of its market. However, the root cause of Windber’s problems was that it operated in an archaic system that saw patients as â€Å"disruptions† rather than as customers.... The new president charged with implementing the change made appointments to meet with each employee and members of the medical staff individually. This assessment method was effective because it enabled the president to understand the organization’s culture fully as well as its influence on each employee. A similar tactic with the medical staff was not successful, however out of its failure the president learnt about the hidden, informal power structure. He learnt that there were sixteen physicians who were the nucleus of power among the medical staff. Out of this assessment it was also noted that senior managers who believed in the power of physicians sided with them on every decision. Design: What is the desired state or goal? The ultimate aim of the change effort at Windber Medical Center was to make patient-centered care the organization’s premier priority. To support this goal the organization also committed to providing a loving, nurturing environment to patients and their families as well as to addressing all patient and patient family issues quickly and efficiently. Implementation: What interventions were employed to reach this goal? Four techniques were adopted by management to advance the change effort: training, rewards, dismissals, feedback sessions and media communications. Trainings were done through: (1) peer-to-peer where four employees from different departments were trained offsite and brought back to train their peers; (2) hiring of a management consultant; (3) taking head of departments on tours to learn new models of care; and (4) annual refresher courses. Rewards were given to employees caught caring and this motivated others to do the same. After three years nearly 10 percent of the workforce

Consumer Purchasing Process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Consumer Purchasing Process - Essay Example The activities involved in the process include identifying and evaluating vendors, selecting specific products, placing orders, and resolving arising issues (Schneider, 2010). All these activities facilitate the acquisition process from either the supplier or producer. The purchasing process takes six steps which are need recognition; supplier identification and selection; contract negotiation; purchase order placement; purchase order follow-up; and order receipt and fulfillment (Li, 2007). Each of these steps involves several purchasing activities. In the first step of the purchasing process, a company identifies a need for a certain material. The step involves purchasing activities like identification of materials and their delivery time. It also involves quality, quantity, and attributes identification. The second step goes on to identify specific sellers or distributers for the materials identified in the first step. This step involves purchasing activities like price trend analy sis, supplier availability analysis, and market conditions analysis (Li, 2007). The third step involves negotiation of the terms and conditions of the purchase process thus opening sale. Upon agreement on the terms and conditions, a purchase order is placed. ... In the six steps, the purchaser receives the order and verifies both quality and quantity supplied. It is in this step where the sale is closed and the company gets ownership of the purchased materials. In most situations, purchasing process involves interaction between the purchasing personnel of a company and key account managers of the supplying company. The account managers should have skills like planning and marketing, relationship building, problem solving, negotiating, opportunity creating, organization, communication, and presenting skills (Cheverton, 1999). In some situations, the suppliers use global accounts management instead of key accounts management. These situations require the vendor company to be global and coordinated. Competences required for personnel in global accounts management is identical to the ones required in key account management. The reason for this is the similarity in the activities undertaken in each of the cases. Analysis Purchasing process involv es the purchasing company and the selling company. These companies have conflicting interests. Each of them tries to maximize benefits derived from a purchase while minimizing both risks and costs. Negotiations are always required in order to achieve these objectives. This indicates that the persons selected to represent a company in a purchasing process should have good negotiation skills. Negotiation skills are in line with communication skills and therefore, these persons need to have good communication skills as well. If persons representing a company lack negotiation skills, the other company may take advantage of the weakness in the purchasing process. Due to this, the weaker company may make loses while the other company

Gendered Movements of the 1960's Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Gendered Movements of the 1960's - Essay Example is contrary to the past whereby most of them postponed marriages or relationships fearing extra responsibilities that remerged with being sexually active (Golson & Carlisle 170). Therefore, â€Å"The Pill’s† approval gave them liberty meant to plan how they needed their lives. This is especially to those who felt they could adequately handle both education as well as have families, because the latter would not weigh them down, hence prompting women compromise their dreams (Golson & Carlisle 170). Women’s realization that they were capable of reaching high heights in their lives prompted them to embark on guest to have equal elevation in the society, hence the â€Å"The Feminine Mystique† emergence (Kranson, Kohn & Diner 237). This was a publication chronicling numerous predicaments and injustices experienced by the female gender especially in the past that were still evident during the mid 20Th Period despite regimes claiming to believe in gender equality (Kranson, Kohn & Diner 237). Hence, questioning regimes whether motherhood and housework roles were still gratifying goals for the female gender owing to the then prevailing gender based segregation (Golson & Carlisle 159). In her book, Betty Friedan purpose entailed awakening of the female gender besides challenging the then and coming regimes about their perception concerning women’s position (Kranson, Kohn & Diner 230). The author contended what the women experienced during the mid 20Th period was in comparable and lacked name to expound it, hence her book acted as the â€Å"start of all† (Kranson, Kohn & Diner 237). The â€Å"Start of all† encompassed instilling the necessary momentum meant for the women to agitate for their privileges and equal their male counterparts. Therefore, this yielded to the enactment of numerous and key gender related acts, for instance, Civil Rights Act Title VII (Wolbrecht 152). The 1964 Civil Rights Act Title VII interpretation and amendment encompassed shunning segregation